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Lithographic antennas at visible frequencies.

C Fumeaux1, J Alda, G D Boreman

  • 1School of Optics and Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162700, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700, USA.

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Antenna-coupled nickel-nickel oxide-nickel (Ni-NiO-Ni) diodes show polarization-dependent responses to visible laser light. This indicates antenna operation in the visible spectrum, beyond their mid-infrared optimization.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Antenna-coupled diodes are typically optimized for mid-infrared detection.
  • Nickel-nickel oxide-nickel (Ni-NiO-Ni) thin-film diodes with integrated dipole antennas were fabricated.
  • Understanding device response across different electromagnetic spectrum regions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of antenna-coupled Ni-NiO-Ni diodes to visible laser radiation.
  • To determine if visible light elicits antenna behavior in these devices.
  • To analyze the polarization dependence of the diode's response.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of Ni-NiO-Ni diodes using a 633-nm helium-neon laser.
  • Measurement of diode response under varying polarization conditions relative to the dipole antenna axis.
  • Analysis of signal strength and polarization dependence.

Main Results:

  • A clear polarization dependence was observed for the response to visible radiation.
  • The strongest signals were detected when the radiation polarization was parallel to the dipole antenna axis.
  • The diode's connection structure also exhibited resonance, contributing to the signal.

Conclusions:

  • Ni-NiO-Ni diodes with integrated dipole antennas demonstrate antenna operation in the visible spectrum.
  • Visible light detection is influenced by both antenna effects and expected thermal/photoelectric effects.
  • The findings suggest potential for these devices in visible light applications.