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Prenatal antibiotic treatment does not decrease group B streptococcus colonization at delivery.

Laura Baecher1, William Grobman

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA. lbaecher@hotmail.com

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
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Prenatal oral amoxicillin did not significantly reduce group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization in pregnant women. This finding suggests intrapartum antibiotics are still necessary, even after outpatient treatment for GBS.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common bacterial pathogen.
  • Intrapartum antibiotics are routinely administered to prevent GBS transmission to newborns.
  • Prenatal antibiotic strategies are being explored to reduce GBS colonization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if outpatient oral amoxicillin during pregnancy reduces GBS colonization.
  • To assess if reduced GBS colonization can eliminate the need for intrapartum antibiotics.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted.
  • Participants received either oral amoxicillin or a placebo during pregnancy.
  • GBS colonization was assessed at the time of labor.

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Main Results:

  • 43% of women receiving amoxicillin still had GBS colonization at labor.
  • The placebo group showed a 67% GBS colonization rate.
  • Amoxicillin treatment did not significantly decrease GBS colonization at delivery (P=0.20).

Conclusions:

  • Outpatient amoxicillin did not sufficiently reduce GBS colonization.
  • Prenatal oral antibiotic prophylaxis is ineffective in preventing the need for intrapartum antibiotics.
  • Further research is needed to optimize GBS prevention strategies.