Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changing Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Stage III Melanoma.

The New England journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Programmed death ligand-1 PET imaging in patients with melanoma: a pilot study.

Melanoma research·2025
Same author

A phase II randomized trial of talimogene laherparepvec oncolytic immunotherapy with or without radiotherapy for patients with cutaneous metastases from solid tumors.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2024
Same author

Early On-Treatment Assessment of T Cells, Cytokines, and Tumor DNA with Adaptively Dosed Nivolumab + Ipilimumab: Final Results from the Phase 2 ADAPT-IT Study.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2024
Same author

A General Approach to Patients Presenting With Locally Advanced or Distant Metastatic Disease.

Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)·2024
Same author

Phase Ib Trial of Phenformin in Patients with V600-mutated Melanoma Receiving Dabrafenib and Trametinib.

Cancer research communications·2023
Same journal

A systematic scoping review of cancer-related anemia treatment: Comparative trial outcomes, current guidelines, and future perspectives.

Seminars in oncology·2026
Same journal

Steroid-induced tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors: A case report and review of the literature.

Seminars in oncology·2026
Same journal

PSMA PET/CT staging in intermediate-risk prostate cancer: Toward risk-adapted implementation.

Seminars in oncology·2026
Same journal

Angiogenesis and the corresponding antiangiogenic therapy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Seminars in oncology·2026
Same journal

Post-translational regulation of steroidogenesis and its clinical relevance in hormone responsive cancers.

Seminars in oncology·2026
Same journal

Physics-informed machine learning for tumor microenvironment-responsive nanomedicine: Recent updates.

Seminars in oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Melanoma vaccines.

Paul B Chapman1

  • 1Melanoma/Sarcoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. chapmanp@mskcc.org

Seminars in Oncology
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing effective melanoma vaccines faces challenges due to tumor immune evasion. Future strategies focus on overcoming these barriers to improve cancer immunotherapy and patient survival.

More Related Videos

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
07:07

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Published on: May 20, 2019

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
07:07

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Published on: May 20, 2019

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Melanoma vaccines have evolved from cellular to molecular and DNA-based approaches.
  • Early melanoma vaccine trials showed limited clinical benefit and sometimes poorer survival.
  • Melanoma cells employ mechanisms like antigen loss and immune tolerance to evade T-cell detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of melanoma vaccines.
  • To identify challenges and barriers in current melanoma vaccine strategies.
  • To explore future directions for enhancing melanoma immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and recent randomized clinical trials of melanoma vaccines.
  • Analysis of identified mechanisms of tumor immune evasion in melanoma.
  • Examination of emerging strategies to overcome immune tolerance and enhance vaccine efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Randomized trials of allogeneic melanoma cells/lysates and gangliosides showed no overall clinical benefit.
  • Some trials indicated potential negative impact of vaccine therapy on survival.
  • Key immune evasion mechanisms include loss of antigen/HLA expression and regulatory T cells.

Conclusions:

  • Future melanoma vaccine development must address tumor immune evasion and tolerance.
  • Strategies like regulatory T-cell depletion and CTLA-4 blockade are under investigation.
  • Development of validated immunoassays is crucial for guiding future vaccine research.