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Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.

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A new method to quantify prey acquisition in diving seabirds using wing stroke frequency.

Katsufumi Sato1, Francis Daunt, Yutaka Watanuki

  • 1International Coastal Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Otsuchi, Iwate, Japan. katsu@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using accelerometers to estimate body mass changes in European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis). This technique reliably measures foraging effort and success in diving seabirds.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Ecological energetics
  • Bio-logging technology

Background:

  • Understanding foraging strategies of diving animals requires data on effort and success.
  • Wing stroke frequency in aerial flight is theoretically linked to bird body mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for estimating fine-scale temporal changes in seabird body mass.
  • To assess the relationship between estimated body mass changes and foraging success in European shags.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized animal-borne accelerometers to record wing stroke frequency in free-ranging European shags.
  • Correlated changes in wing stroke frequency before and after dives with estimated prey capture (body mass gain).
  • Compared accelerometer-derived mass gain estimates with traditional methods like water-offloading.

Main Results:

  • Estimated net body mass gain per foraging trip varied widely (-30 to 260 g), consistent with previous studies.
  • Mass gain estimates positively correlated with cumulative flight time and return flight time.
  • Significant positive relationship observed between mass gain and dive bout duration at the individual bout level.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in wing stroke frequency provide a reliable, non-invasive method for estimating short- to medium-term foraging effort and success in diving seabirds.
  • This bio-logging approach offers valuable insights into the foraging ecology of marine predators.
  • The study validates accelerometer-based body mass estimation as a powerful tool in wildlife research.