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[Q fever: an overview].

J Muskens1, M H Mars, P Franken

  • 1GD, Postbus 9, 7400 AA Deventer. J.Muskens@gddeventer.com

Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde
|December 19, 2007
PubMed
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Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a global zoonotic disease primarily affecting ruminants and humans. Effective control programs for cattle in the Netherlands are currently lacking.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Bacteriology

Context:

  • Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, impacting humans and animals, with ruminants being a primary reservoir.
  • Infection in humans often occurs via inhalation of aerosols originating from infected ruminant birth products.
  • High seroprevalence in cattle populations, particularly in the Netherlands, highlights the significance of this disease in livestock.

Purpose:

  • To review the epidemiology, transmission, and diagnostic methods of Q fever in ruminants.
  • To discuss the challenges in controlling Coxiella burnetii infections in cattle populations.
  • To highlight the need for effective disease control programs for Q fever in livestock.

Summary:

  • Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is shed in large quantities during ruminant abortions via placenta and vaginal secretions.

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  • The bacterium's environmental resilience and potential for long-distance spread contribute to its widespread transmission.
  • Current diagnostic approaches include antibody detection and PCR, but the efficacy of antibiotic treatments and vaccines in cattle remains uncertain.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding the transmission dynamics of Coxiella burnetii is crucial for mitigating Q fever outbreaks in both animal and human populations.
    • The lack of effective control strategies necessitates further research into prevention and treatment options for Q fever in cattle.
    • Addressing Q fever in livestock is essential for public health, given its zoonotic potential and the economic impact on the agricultural sector.