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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
English- and Spanish-speaking women's use of violence
Leslie E Tower1, Maria Elena Fernandez
1Division of Social Work, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University, WV, USA. letower@mail.wvu.edu
Abstract:
This study analyzes variables related to the context and consequences of women's use of violence as well as a wide range of violent behaviors used and experienced by court-ordered English- and Spanish-speaking women. Data were derived from intake assessments of 125 court-ordered women over 24 months. Almost all of the women reported a history of abuse perpetrated by their partners. Women committed significantly fewer violent acts against their partners than their partners committed against them. Differences between English- and Spanish-speaking women's victimization, use of violence, and help seeking were largely similar, however, important differences emerged.
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