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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Injectables in the prostate.

Arash M Saemi1, Mark K Plante

  • 1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.

Current Opinion in Urology
|December 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intraprostatic injection therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Research is ongoing to establish its efficacy and safety for widespread clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men, often requiring intervention for lower urinary tract symptoms.
  • Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a standard treatment, but minimally invasive options are gaining traction.
  • Intraprostatic injection therapy, an established but recently revitalized minimally invasive surgical therapy (MIST), is being re-evaluated for BPH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical context and recent advancements in intraprostatic injection therapy for BPH.
  • To explore various delivery routes (transperineal, transrectal, transurethral) and injectable agents used in BPH treatment.
  • To assess the current standing and future potential of injection therapy as a BPH intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and recent scientific literature on intraprostatic injection for BPH.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating different injection routes and substances, including botulinum toxin type A and anhydrous ethanol.
  • Evaluation of systematic investigations and clinical trials assessing efficacy and safety.

Main Results:

  • Transperineal and transurethral injection routes have undergone the most systematic evaluation for BPH.
  • Botulinum toxin type A is a subject of recent research regarding its mechanism and effectiveness.
  • Anhydrous ethanol is the most studied injectable agent for BPH to date.

Conclusions:

  • Intraprostatic injection therapy shows significant promise as a minimally invasive treatment for BPH.
  • The urologic community is showing increased interest in injection therapies for BPH.
  • Further systematic laboratory and clinical research is required before widespread adoption of intraprostatic injection therapy for BPH.