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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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OH absorption spectroscopy in a flame using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy.

Renata J Bartula1, Jaal B Ghandhi, Scott T Sanders

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Applied Optics
|December 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) successfully measured hydroxyl radical (OH) absorption spectra in combustion. This high-resolution technique is vital for analyzing complex combustion environments and improving engine diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Combustion diagnostics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemical kinetics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of radical species like hydroxyl (OH) is crucial for understanding combustion processes.
  • Traditional spectroscopic methods can face limitations in resolution and throughput for complex environments.
  • The post-flame zone presents challenges for in-situ measurements due to high temperatures and multiple species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) for measuring OH absorption spectra.
  • To evaluate the performance of SHS in a practical combustion setting (McKenna burner).
  • To highlight the benefits of SHS for combustion analysis, including high resolution and throughput.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) for absorption measurements.
  • Focused on the hydroxyl radical (OH) absorption bands around 308-310 nm.
  • Employed a McKenna burner to generate a post-flame zone environment.
  • Achieved a spectral resolution of 0.03 nm with an extended source.

Main Results:

  • Successfully obtained high-resolution OH absorption spectra from the post-flame zone.
  • Demonstrated SHS's ability to perform measurements with an extended source.
  • Achieved spectral resolution suitable for resolving individual absorption lines and identifying multiple absorbers.
  • Validated the potential for inferring accurate gas temperatures from the obtained spectra.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is a viable and powerful technique for in-situ combustion diagnostics.
  • The high spectral resolution of SHS enables detailed analysis of combustion chemistry and thermodynamics.
  • This work establishes SHS as a promising tool for future applications in practical combustion devices like engines.