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Related Experiment Video

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Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Published on: November 11, 2011

Basic math in monkeys and college students.

Jessica F Cantlon¹, Elizabeth M Brannon

¹Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America. jfc2@duke.edu

|December 21, 2007

Summary

Monkeys can perform approximate mental addition, demonstrating that this mathematical ability is not unique to humans. This finding suggests nonverbal arithmetic is an evolutionarily primitive cognitive function shared across species.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Comparative Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Humans possess advanced mathematical abilities, many linked to symbolic language.
Nonhuman animals share core nonverbal numerical comparison skills with humans.
It is unknown if animals can perform approximate mental arithmetic.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether monkeys can perform approximate mental addition.
To compare monkeys' nonverbal arithmetic performance with that of humans.

Main Methods:

Monkeys were presented with two sets of objects.
Monkeys were required to choose a visual array representing the sum of the objects.
Performance was analyzed for adherence to human patterns on similar tasks.

Main Results:

Monkeys successfully performed approximate mental addition of numerical values.
Monkeys' performance patterns mirrored those of humans on the same nonverbal task.

Conclusions:

Nonverbal arithmetic is not exclusive to humans.
Approximate mental addition is an evolutionarily primitive mathematical ability shared with monkeys.