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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Gastric and enteric involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis.

Ellen C Ebert1

  • 1UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. ebertec@umdnj.edu

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|December 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) significantly impacts the gastrointestinal tract, causing issues from the mouth to the anus. Research is needed to find effective treatments for this debilitating condition.

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) is a chronic multisystem disease.
  • It involves excess connective tissue deposition, microvasculature changes, and immunologic abnormalities.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement is common and can occur in neuropathic and myopathic stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the manifestations of gastrointestinal involvement in PSS.
  • To highlight the diagnostic findings and current treatment options for GI complications in PSS.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into effective PSS GI treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PSS and its GI manifestations.
  • Analysis of reported symptoms, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes.
  • Identification of characteristic GI abnormalities in PSS patients.

Main Results:

  • Delayed gastric emptying (10-75%), increased fundic compliance, and myoelectric abnormalities are observed.
  • Small bowel involvement (17-57%) includes reduced migrating motor complexes, bacterial overgrowth, and malabsorption.
  • Colonic involvement (10-50%) features wide-mouthed diverticuli, pseudoobstruction, and complications like perforation.
  • Anal sphincter dysfunction can lead to fecal incontinence, with treatments including biofeedback and sacral nerve stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • PSS affects the entire GI tract, from the esophagus to the anus.
  • GI complications in PSS significantly contribute to patient morbidity.
  • Effective therapeutic strategies for GI manifestations of PSS require further investigation.