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Automatization and working memory capacity in schizophrenia.

Tamar R van Raalten1, Nick F Ramsey, J Martijn Jansma

  • 1Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. t.vanraalten@umcutrecht.nl

Schizophrenia Research
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Schizophrenia patients exhibit inefficient working memory (WM) function and reduced capacity, particularly when processing continuously changing information, not due to automatization failure.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) dysfunction in schizophrenia involves inefficient recruitment and reduced capacity.
  • Automatization in controls typically reduces WM recruitment and increases capacity for concurrent tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if inefficient WM function and reduced capacity in schizophrenia are linked to a failure in automatization.
  • To explore the relationship between WM efficiency, capacity, and practice effects in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI data acquisition during a verbal WM task with novel and practiced stimuli in 18 schizophrenia patients and 18 controls.
  • Dual-task performance assessment outside the scanner to measure WM capacity.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Schizophrenia patients showed intact WM task performance with excessive WM activity.
  • Practice improved performance and reduced WM activity in both groups, but practice effects on WM activity did not predict performance cost in patients.
  • Patients demonstrated poorer dual-task performance, especially with continuously adjusting information in WM.

    • Conclusions:

    • Findings support inefficient WM function and reduced capacity in schizophrenia.
    • This inefficiency is not due to a failure in automatization but rather an inability to process frequently updated information.
    • Schizophrenia's WM deficits may stem from difficulties in updating information within working memory.