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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

The lung and pediatric trauma.

Juan A Tovar1

  • 1Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. jatovar.hulp@salud.madrid.org

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|December 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric thoracic trauma frequently causes death due to multiorganic injuries, with lungs often affected. Treatment ranges from rest and respiratory support to surgery for severe cases like tracheobronchial disruption.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric surgery
  • Thoracic trauma management
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Thoracic trauma is a significant cause of mortality in children, often resulting from its multiorganic nature.
  • The pliable pediatric chest wall facilitates direct energy transfer to the lungs, leading to frequent lung injuries even without rib fractures.
  • While injuries to the heart, aorta, esophagus, and diaphragm are uncommon, lung contusion, laceration, pneumothorax, and hemothorax are more prevalent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology and management of thoracic trauma in children.
  • To highlight the commonality of lung injuries and the rarity of other thoracic organ damage.
  • To outline treatment strategies for various pediatric thoracic injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pediatric thoracic trauma cases.
  • Analysis of injury patterns and outcomes.
  • Evaluation of treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Lung contusion and laceration are common, leading to hemorrhage and consolidation, often with pneumothorax or hemothorax.
  • Tracheobronchial disruption, though rare, is a life-threatening complication requiring specialized intervention.
  • Most traumatic lung injuries are managed non-operatively with supportive care and drainage, while severe hemorrhage or persistent pneumothorax may necessitate surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric thoracic trauma.
  • While most injuries are manageable with conservative measures, severe cases require advanced surgical and endoscopic techniques.
  • Adult respiratory distress syndrome, though rare, carries a high mortality rate in pediatric thoracic trauma patients.