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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
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Explosive pleuritis.

J K Sharma1, T J Marrie

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta.

The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses
|December 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Explosive pleuritis is a rare medical emergency characterized by rapid, severe pleural effusion causing respiratory distress. This case highlights its dramatic presentation and proposes a case definition for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Describes 'explosive pleuritis,' a condition defined by rapid pleural effusion development.
  • Highlights the need for a clear case definition for this medical emergency.

Observation:

  • Presents a case of a 45-year-old man with acute onset pleuritic chest pain and rapid respiratory decline.
  • Initial chest x-ray showed a small right lower lobe effusion, progressing to complete right hemithorax opacification within 18 hours.
  • Computed tomography revealed massive pleural effusion with pulmonary compression and mediastinal shift.

Findings:

  • Pleural fluid analysis indicated a significant effusion with high lactate dehydrogenase and protein levels.
  • Cultures showed mixed bacterial and fungal growth; cytology was negative for malignancy.
Keywords:
Explosive pleuritisPleurisyPleuritisPneumonia

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  • Thoracotomy revealed a loculated parapneumonic effusion requiring decortication.

    • Implications:

    • The patient responded to antibiotics (levofloxacin, ceftriaxone) and conservative surgical management for empyema.
    • Proposes a case definition for explosive pleuritis: >90% hemithorax effusion within 24 hours, causing mediastinal shift.
    • Emphasizes explosive pleuritis as a critical condition requiring prompt recognition and intervention.