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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Esophagopharyngeal reflux.

Peter C Belafsky1, Catherine J Rees, Kimsey Rodriguez

  • 1The Center for Voice and Swallowing, University of California-Davis, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. peterb@ucdvoice.org

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|January 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Esophagopharyngeal reflux (EPR) involves regurgitation of esophageal contents into the throat, causing symptoms similar to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). This condition appears linked to esophageal motility issues rather than acid damage.

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Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
05:19

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Published on: August 25, 2015

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
05:19

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Published on: August 25, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is caused by gastric contents entering the laryngopharynx.
  • Many LPR patients unresponsive to medical treatment exhibit proximal esophageal regurgitation, termed esophagopharyngeal reflux (EPR), visible on cinefluoroscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize esophagopharyngeal reflux (EPR).
  • To investigate the underlying causes and symptoms of EPR in patients unresponsive to standard LPR therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with EPR via cinefluoroscopy.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, symptoms, and prior treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Twenty adult patients (60% female, mean age 50) met EPR criteria.
  • Common symptoms included cough (40%), dysphagia (35%), dysphonia (25%), and throat clearing (25%).
  • Eighty-five percent had a history of failed LPR/GERD treatment; all showed esophageal abnormalities on fluoroscopy.

Conclusions:

  • EPR is defined by proximal esophageal content regurgitation into the laryngopharynx.
  • EPR symptoms mimic LPR but are associated with esophageal volume clearance and motility disorders, not acid/peptic injury.