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Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

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Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
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Opsonophagocytic Killing Assay to Assess Immunological Responses Against Bacterial Pathogens
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Published on: April 5, 2019

Protection from Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis by passive immunization with pneumolysin antiserum.

Sherrina N Green1, Melissa Sanders, Quincy C Moore

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|January 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Passive immunization with antibodies against pneumolysin (HI-PLY and psiPLY) significantly reduced corneal damage in rabbits with pneumococcal keratitis, demonstrating protective effects against bacterial infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of bacterial keratitis.
  • Pneumolysin is a key virulence factor in S. pneumoniae infections.
  • Corneal damage in bacterial keratitis can lead to vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of passive immunization with pneumolysin antiserum in reducing corneal damage caused by S. pneumoniae.

Main Methods:

  • New Zealand White rabbits were infected with S. pneumoniae.
  • Rabbits received passive immunization with control serum, antiserum against heat-inactivated pneumolysin (HI-PLY), or antiserum against cytotoxin-negative pneumolysin (psiPLY).
  • Corneal damage was assessed using slit lamp examinations (SLEs), colony forming units (CFUs), and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Passive immunization with both HI-PLY and psiPLY antisera significantly reduced SLE scores at multiple time points compared to controls.
  • Histopathology revealed less corneal edema and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration in passively immunized rabbits.
  • Bacterial load (CFUs) did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting a mechanism independent of bacterial clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Antibodies targeting pneumolysin (HI-PLY and psiPLY) provide passive protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis.
  • Passive immunization is a potential therapeutic strategy for bacterial keratitis.