Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Development and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects
04:34

Development and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects

Published on: May 19, 2023

[Cartilage defects of the knee joint: evaluation, classification, and natural course]

Devrim Akseki1, Halit Pinar, Uğur Oziç

  • 1Celal Bayar Universitesi Tip Fakültesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dali, Manisa, Turkey. devrim.akseki@bayar.edu.tr

Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica
|October 11, 2008
PubMed

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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