In vitro maturation for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

In vitro fertilization (IVF) with ovarian stimulation is an effective treatment for couples needing treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) where polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is coexisting. However, it is also associated with an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In vitro maturation (IVM) avoids the risks and side effects of ovarian stimulation by retrieving immature oocytes from unstimulated ovaries. These immature oocytes are then cultured, matured, and fertilized in vitro. Embryos are then selected for transfer in the same manner as conventional IVF. Although there has been significant progress in terms of improving clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates after IVM, there remains much to learn in terms of what controls maturation, fertilization, and implantation rates. This review is intended as an update on the most recent advances and directions of ongoing research in IVM in patients with PCOS.