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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

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Published on: September 21, 2017

Injury patterns in side pole crashes.

Frank A Pintar¹, Dennis J Maiman, Narayan Yoganandan

¹Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Annual Proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine

|January 11, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Serious chest and head injuries are common in narrow-object side impact crashes. Oblique loading during these pole/tree impacts causes unique trauma, necessitating a review of safety devices and dummy measurements.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Crash Safety Engineering
Injury Prevention

Background:

Side impact pole/tree crashes result in severe occupant injuries.
Analysis of 53 CIREN cases revealed high rates of serious chest and head trauma.
Oblique door intrusion into the thorax was observed in unilateral chest trauma cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that antero-lateral chest loading causes unilateral chest trauma in narrow-object side impacts.
To evaluate the biomechanical response and injury patterns in side impact crashes.
To inform the design of improved injury-mitigating safety devices.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 53 real-world CIREN (Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network) cases.
Conducted two vehicle side impact tests into a rigid pole using a Post-Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) and an ES2 dummy.
Examined residual crush patterns and injury outcomes.

Main Results:

The PMHS test replicated real-world trauma, including unilateral rib fractures, spleen laceration, pelvic fracture, and basilar skull fracture.
Oblique chest deformation and antero-lateral loading were confirmed.
Narrow-object side impacts induce unique head trauma and oblique chest loading.

Conclusions:

Narrow-object side impacts represent a severe crash environment.
The human occupant is particularly vulnerable to oblique loading in these scenarios.
Re-evaluation of dummy responses and side impact injury criteria is recommended for enhanced safety device design.