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Cyclic changes in blood echogenicity under pulsatile flow are frequency dependent.

Linh Chi Nguyen1, François T H Yu, Guy Cloutier

  • 1Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|January 12, 2008
PubMed
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Ultrasound frequency significantly impacts the detection of blood echogenicity changes under pulsatile flow. Higher frequencies (35 MHz) reveal cyclic red blood cell aggregation at physiological rates, unlike lower frequencies (10 MHz).

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Ultrasound
  • Hemodynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Previous studies show conflicting results regarding blood echogenicity variations under pulsatile flow at physiological rates.
  • Discrepancies may stem from the use of different ultrasound frequencies in prior in vitro and in vivo research.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for interpreting ultrasound signals in blood flow analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of ultrasound frequency on the detection of cyclic blood echogenicity variations.
  • To determine if physiological stroke rates (20-70 BPM) exhibit measurable echogenicity changes.
  • To compare the sensitivity of different ultrasound frequencies in characterizing red blood cell (RBC) aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine blood samples (normal and with dextran-induced hyperaggregating RBCs) were analyzed in a pulsatile Couette flow apparatus.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cyclic shear rate changes simulating stroke rates from 20 to 70 BPM were applied.
  • Echogenicity was measured using single-element transducers at 10 MHz and 35 MHz, with spectral analysis confirming cyclic variations.

    • Main Results:

    • Cyclic variations in backscatter were observed at 35 MHz across all tested stroke rates (20-70 BPM).
    • At 10 MHz, these variations were only detected at 20 BPM.
    • The magnitude of cyclic variations was generally higher at 35 MHz, indicating increased sensitivity to RBC aggregation changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclic variations in RBC aggregation occur at physiological stroke rates, observable with higher ultrasound frequencies (35 MHz).
    • The 35 MHz frequency offers enhanced sensitivity for characterizing RBC aggregation dynamics compared to 10 MHz.
    • Findings align with in vivo observations using high-frequency intravascular ultrasound, supporting the clinical relevance of these echogenicity changes.