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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Contextual effects on reading aloud: evidence for pathway control.

Michael Reynolds1, Derek Besner

  • 1Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K8J 7B8, Canada. michaelchanreynolds@trentu.ca

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Skilled readers flexibly generate phonological codes from print. This study shows that reading processes change predictably based on stimulus category switches, supporting the pathway control hypothesis.

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Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Skilled reading involves generating phonological codes from print.
  • Evidence suggests these phonological processes are flexible in skilled readers.
  • Understanding conditions that alter phonological code computation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether phonological processes change as predicted by the pathway control hypothesis.
  • To examine the impact of predictable switches between stimulus categories on reading aloud.
  • To identify conditions influencing the computation of phonological codes.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted involving reading aloud words and nonwords.
  • The effect of predictable switches between stimulus categories across trials was measured.
  • Changes in reading processes were assessed via behavioral measures.

Main Results:

  • The results demonstrated predictable changes in phonological processing.
  • These changes were observed when switching between stimulus categories (words/nonwords).
  • The observed patterns align with predictions of the pathway control hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the pathway control hypothesis.
  • Phonological processing in skilled readers is adaptable based on task demands.
  • This research clarifies conditions influencing the flexibility of phonological code generation.