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Liver function in cats with hyperthyroidism before and after 131I therapy.

Allyson C Berent¹, Kenneth J Drobatz, Lisa Ziemer

¹Department of Clinical Studies Small Animal Internal Medicinel/Interventional Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Mathew J. Ryan Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|January 17, 2008

Summary

High liver enzymes in hyperthyroid cats often do not indicate liver damage. Treatment with radioactive iodine (131I) normalizes enzyme levels, suggesting extensive liver testing is usually unnecessary.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Internal Medicine
Feline Endocrinology
Hepatology

Background:

The clinical significance of elevated liver enzymes in hyperthyroid cats remains unclear.
Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in older cats, often associated with secondary effects on other organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate serum liver markers and ultrasonographic findings in hyperthyroid cats with elevated liver enzymes.
To assess the resolution of these abnormalities following radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

Evaluated 19 hyperthyroid cats (15 with high liver enzymes) and 4 healthy controls.
Measured serum bile acids, albumin, ammonia, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, liver enzymes, and glucose before and after 131I therapy.
Assessed liver parenchyma via abdominal ultrasonography pre- and post-treatment.

Main Results:

Elevated liver enzymes in hyperthyroid cats were not linked to hepatic parenchymal or functional abnormalities.
Liver enzyme activities normalized post-131I therapy.
Hyperthyroid cats showed higher fasting ammonia and lower cholesterol and glucose levels compared to euthyroid controls, which normalized post-treatment. Trace ketonuria was noted in some cats.

Conclusions:

Extensive hepatobiliary disease evaluation is generally not required in most hyperthyroid cats.
Elevated liver enzymes in this context are likely a consequence of hyperthyroidism itself, rather than indicative of primary liver disease.
Radioactive iodine therapy effectively resolves biochemical abnormalities associated with hyperthyroidism.