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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
04:36

Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery

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CD8+ memory T lymphocytes from bone marrow--immune function and therapeutic potential.

Aaron H D Wood1, Xiaoyu Zhang, Donna L Farber

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
|January 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Memory T cells in bone marrow (BM) are crucial for immunity. A novel CD8+ effector memory T cell subset in human BM shows enhanced cytotoxic function, offering new avenues for immunotherapy against viral and malignant diseases.

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Published on: January 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Memory T lymphocytes are essential for adaptive immunity against re-encountered pathogens.
  • These cells exhibit phenotypic, functional, and compartmental heterogeneity.
  • The bone marrow (BM) serves as a critical niche for T cell memory maintenance and recall responses, especially for CD8+ T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of memory T cells within the human bone marrow microenvironment.
  • To identify and functionally characterize novel subsets of memory T cells in the BM.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-resident memory T cells in immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic analysis of T cell populations within human bone marrow.
  • Functional assays to assess cytotoxic activity and proliferative capacity.
  • Comparative analysis of memory T cell subsets residing in different compartments.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a unique CD8+ effector memory T cell population in human BM.
  • This novel subset exhibits a hybrid phenotype and superior cytotoxic function compared to other memory T cells.
  • Bone marrow microenvironment supports robust proliferation and recall responses of both central and effector memory T cells.

Conclusions:

  • The human bone marrow harbors a distinct CD8+ effector memory T cell population with enhanced cytotoxic capabilities.
  • Targeting or utilizing these BM-resident CD8+ effector memory T cells holds significant promise for developing advanced immunotherapies.
  • Harnessing these cells could lead to more potent and durable antigen-specific responses for managing viral and malignant diseases.