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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

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An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
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HIV/AIDS: an update.

Audrey Harris, Norman E Bolus

    Radiologic Technology
    |January 22, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a global pandemic since 1983. This overview covers HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, treatments, and prevention strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) identified in 1983 as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
    • HIV/AIDS has resulted in a significant global health crisis, impacting millions worldwide.
    • Understanding the multifaceted nature of HIV/AIDS is crucial for effective public health interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of HIV/AIDS.
    • To detail the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of HIV infection.
    • To summarize current treatment options and prevention strategies for HIV/AIDS.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on HIV/AIDS.
    • Analysis of epidemiological data related to HIV/AIDS prevalence and incidence.

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  • Compilation of information on the latest advancements in HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention.

    • Main Results:

    • HIV targets the immune system, leading to progressive immunodeficiency characteristic of AIDS.
    • Pathophysiological changes include viral replication, immune cell destruction, and opportunistic infections.
    • Epidemiological trends show varying global and regional impacts of HIV/AIDS.
    • Current treatments involve antiretroviral therapy (ART) to manage viral load and preserve immune function.
    • Prevention strategies encompass safe sex practices, PrEP, PEP, and harm reduction programs.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV/AIDS remains a major global health challenge requiring ongoing research and intervention.
    • Effective management of HIV/AIDS relies on a combination of early diagnosis, consistent treatment, and robust prevention efforts.
    • Continued advancements in treatment and prevention offer hope for controlling the HIV/AIDS pandemic.