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Pyelonephritis: radiologic-pathologic review.

William D Craig1, Brent J Wagner, Mark D Travis

  • 1Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 6825 16th St, NW, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA. William.Craig@afip.osd.mil

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common. Imaging, especially computed tomography (CT), is crucial for diagnosing complex UTIs like pyelonephritis and tuberculosis, aiding patient care and surgical planning.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common urologic disease in the US, leading to millions of healthcare visits annually.
  • Diagnosis typically relies on clinical and lab findings, with imaging reserved for non-responsive or severe cases.
  • Pyelonephritis, a kidney infection, arises when UTIs spread or are seeded hematogenously, causing inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of imaging in various urinary tract infections.
  • To emphasize the role of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating acute and complicated pyelonephritis.
  • To discuss the importance of recognizing renal manifestations of tuberculosis as a common extrapulmonary site.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging modalities for diagnosing urinary tract infections, particularly pyelonephritis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Focus on computed tomography (CT) as the preferred method for acute bacterial and emphysematous pyelonephritis.
  • Discussion of ultrasonography (US) and CT in diagnosing xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal tuberculosis.
  • Main Results:

    • CT is the preferred imaging modality for acute bacterial pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelonephritis.
    • CT provides specific findings and assesses extrarenal extent for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, crucial for surgical planning.
    • Recognizing renal tuberculosis manifestations aids diagnosis, even without pulmonary disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Imaging, especially CT, is vital for diagnosing and managing complicated urinary tract infections.
    • Accurate imaging assessment is essential for appropriate patient care, treatment selection, and surgical planning.
    • Genitourinary radiologists must be familiar with imaging findings of pyelonephritis and renal tuberculosis.