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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Noncoding RNAs.

J A Makarova1, D A Kramerov

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. makarova@eimb.ru

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances reveal diverse non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including those for RNA modification (snoRNAs, scaRNAs) and silencing (miRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs). This review covers key eukaryotic ncRNA groups and their functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles.
  • Recent technological advancements have accelerated ncRNA discovery.
  • Understanding ncRNA diversity is key to deciphering cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major eukaryotic ncRNA classes studied in the last decade.
  • To highlight the functions of specific ncRNA groups, such as those involved in RNA modification and silencing.
  • To discuss the significance of SINE and SINE-like gene transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on eukaryotic ncRNAs.
  • Categorization of ncRNAs based on their functions (e.g., modification, silencing).
  • Analysis of findings related to snoRNAs, scaRNAs, miRNAs, siRNAs, tasiRNAs, piRNAs, SINEs, and SINE-like genes.

Main Results:

  • Identification and characterization of diverse ncRNA families.
  • Elucidation of roles in RNA modification (snoRNAs, scaRNAs) and RNA silencing (miRNAs, siRNAs, tasiRNAs, piRNAs).
  • Separate consideration of SINE and SINE-like transcripts.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding eukaryotic ncRNAs.
  • ncRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression and cellular function.
  • Further research into ncRNA mechanisms and functions is warranted.