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Related Concept Videos

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.

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Ethanol abolishes ischemic preconditioning in humans.

Giampaolo Niccoli1, Luca Altamura, Alessandro Fabretti

  • 1Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. gniccoli73@hotmail.it

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Acute alcohol intake abolishes the heart-protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in humans. This suggests avoiding alcohol before procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to prevent worsening ischemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is the body's strongest defense against heart muscle damage from ischemia.
  • Prior research suggests alcohol may negate the protective effects of IPC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of acute alcohol consumption on IPC in humans.
  • To utilize a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) model with sequential balloon inflations to assess myocardial protection.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized trial involving 30 patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty.
  • Participants received either 40g of alcohol (gin) or a placebo (water) 30 minutes prior to PCI.
  • Intracoronary electrocardiograms monitored ST-segment changes during two sequential balloon inflations.

Main Results:

  • Placebo group showed a significant reduction in ST-segment shift during the second inflation, indicating IPC.
  • Alcohol group demonstrated a significant increase in ST-segment shift during the second inflation, suggesting abolished IPC.
  • A highly significant interaction between group and inflation effect on ST-segment changes was observed (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Moderate ethanol intake negates the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning during sequential myocardial ischemia.
  • Alcohol consumption is associated with increased ischemia severity in this context.
  • Patients at high risk for myocardial infarction should avoid moderate to high doses of alcohol.