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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification01:25

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

Esters can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under acidic or basic conditions. Base-promoted hydrolysis of esters is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which esters react with an aqueous base, followed by an acid to give carboxylic acids. This reaction is also known as saponification because it forms the basis for making soaps from fats.
The reaction requires a base in stoichiometric amounts, which participates in the reaction and is not regenerated later. So, the base acts as a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

Synthesis of plasticizer ester using acid-functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst.

Congxia Xie1, Hongliang Li, Lu Li

  • 1Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acid-functionalized ionic liquids catalyze plasticizer ester synthesis with high efficiency and reusability. This green chemistry approach offers an eco-friendly alternative for producing plasticizer esters.

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Published on: October 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Plasticizer esters are widely used industrial chemicals.
  • Traditional synthesis methods may involve harsh conditions or less efficient catalysts.
  • Ionic liquids offer potential as novel catalytic media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize plasticizer esters using acid-functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts.
  • To evaluate the catalytic activity and reusability of these ionic liquids.
  • To develop an environmentally friendly synthesis route.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of various plasticizer esters.
  • Utilizing acid-functionalized ionic liquids (e.g., HSO3-functionalized Brønsted acidic ionic liquids) as catalysts.
  • Separation and reuse of the ionic liquid catalysts.

Main Results:

  • HSO3-functionalized Brønsted acidic ionic liquids demonstrated superior catalytic performance compared to non-functionalized ionic liquids.
  • High catalytic activity was observed for specific ionic liquids in the synthesis of each plasticizer ester.
  • Ionic liquid catalysts were easily separated and reused for at least six cycles with over 95% acid conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Acid-functionalized ionic liquids are effective and reusable catalysts for plasticizer ester synthesis.
  • This method provides an environmentally friendly and efficient approach to producing plasticizer esters.
  • The reusability and high conversion rates highlight the sustainability of this catalytic system.