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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

Immune complex glomerulonephritis in patients with hepatitis C.

M B Stokes1

  • 1Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation : an Official Publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
|January 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is linked to immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN). This review covers HCV-associated kidney diseases, including cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy, and their mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is implicated in various kidney diseases.
  • Immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) is a significant manifestation of HCV infection.
  • HCV can cause kidney issues directly or indirectly through liver disease or co-infections like HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and pathological aspects of HCV-associated glomerular diseases.
  • To explore the pathogenic mechanisms linking HCV to glomerulonephritis.
  • To highlight specific ICGN forms associated with HCV, such as cryoglobulinemic MPGN and membranous nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HCV and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and pathological findings in affected patients.
  • Discussion of proposed pathogenic pathways involving viral and immune factors.

Main Results:

  • HCV is a key factor in cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and membranous nephropathy.
  • HCV-associated glomerulonephritis encompasses diverse conditions like fibrillary glomerulopathy and FSGS.
  • Co-infection with HIV can influence the presentation of HCV-related kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • HCV plays a significant pathogenic role in multiple forms of ICGN.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for diagnosis and management of HCV-related kidney disease.
  • Further research into pathogenic mechanisms may reveal therapeutic targets.