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Glomerulonephritis in saudi arabia: a review
1Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Summary
Focal and segmental glomerulo sclerosis (FSGS) is the most common primary glomerular disease in Saudi Arabia, often presenting as nephrotic syndrome with poor treatment response. Mesangioproliferative GN and Immunoglobulin-A nephropathy are also prevalent, while lupus nephritis is common among secondary glomerular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease globally.
- Understanding GN patterns and prevalence in Saudi Arabia (KSA) is crucial for public health.
- Primary glomerular diseases (PGD) and secondary glomerular diseases (SGD) significantly impact renal health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pattern and prevalence of glomerular diseases in Saudi Arabia.
- To highlight the common types of PGD and SGD encountered in clinical practice.
- To provide insights into the clinical presentation and outcomes of these kidney diseases.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients with glomerular diseases.
- Epidemiological survey of GN prevalence across different regions in KSA.
- Review of diagnostic criteria and treatment responses for various GN types.
Main Results:
- Focal and segmental glomerulo sclerosis (FSGS) is the most common PGD in KSA, with prevalence varying regionally (e.g., ~35% in Riyadh).
- Nephrotic syndrome is the commonest presentation of FSGS, showing poor response to corticosteroids.
- Mesangioproliferative GN and Immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN) are other significant PGDs, with IgAN more common in the elderly and males.
- Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most frequent SGD, particularly aggressive WHO classes III and IV.
- Post-streptococcal GN appears to be declining in KSA.
Conclusions:
- FSGS is a significant public health concern in KSA, necessitating further research into effective therapies.
- Regional variations in PGD prevalence underscore the need for localized health strategies.
- Understanding the epidemiology of GN in KSA is vital for improving patient outcomes and managing renal disease burden.
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