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Selective exposure and information quantity: how different information quantities moderate decision makers'

Peter Fischer1, Stefan Schulz-Hardt, Dieter Frey

  • 1School of Psychology, Social, Economic, and Organizational Psychology Unit, University of Exeter, Exeter, England. P.Fischer@exeter.ac.uk

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Information quantity influences selective exposure after decisions. With limited information, people prefer inconsistent data; with more data, they prefer consistent information, driven by changing selection criteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Making
  • Information Science

Background:

  • Selective exposure to information post-decision is inconsistent in existing research.
  • Some studies show a preference for decision-consistent information, while others find a preference for inconsistent information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the quantity of available information moderates selective exposure after decisions.
  • To identify the underlying psychological mechanisms driving these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Four empirical studies were conducted.
  • Participants were presented with varying quantities of information (2 vs. 10 pieces) following a decision.
  • Experimental manipulations assessed processing complexity and dissonance reduction as potential mediators.

Main Results:

  • Decision makers preferred decision-consistent information when 10 pieces were available.
  • Decision makers strongly preferred decision-inconsistent information when only 2 pieces were available.
  • The shift in preference was linked to salient selection criteria: information direction (2 pieces) versus expected quality (more than 2 pieces).

Conclusions:

  • Information quantity is a critical moderator of selective exposure after decisions.
  • The salient selection criterion shifts from information direction to expected quality as information quantity increases.
  • Findings reconcile contradictory evidence by highlighting the role of information availability in post-decision information seeking.