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Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

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Related Experiment Videos

Primary biliary cirrhosis.

Teru Kumagi1, E Jenny Heathcote

  • 1Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital (University Health Network/University of Toronto), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. masato_teru@yahoo.co.jp

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
|January 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease affecting bile ducts. Early diagnosis and treatment with Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improve prognosis, with liver transplantation for advanced cases.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic, autoimmune cholestatic liver disease.
  • It is characterized by intrahepatic bile duct injury, potentially leading to liver failure.
  • PBC predominantly affects women in their fifth to seventh decades and is associated with other autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC).
  • To discuss the etiology, diagnosis, and current management strategies for PBC.
  • To highlight recent advancements and future directions in PBC research.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, persistent cholestatic liver biochemistry, and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA).

Related Experiment Videos

  • AMA-negative cases require further evaluation with cholangiography and liver biopsy.
  • Disease progression is monitored through liver biochemistry and clinical assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the primary treatment shown to slow disease progression.
    • Early-stage treatment and biochemical response correlate with a good prognosis.
    • Liver transplantation offers a survival rate of 70% at 7 years for patients with liver failure.

    Conclusions:

    • PBC is a significant autoimmune liver disease with variable clinical presentation.
    • UDCA treatment is effective in managing PBC, especially when initiated early.
    • Ongoing research, including animal models, aims to uncover novel therapeutic targets for PBC.