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Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Validation of a simple method for measuring cranial deformities (plagiocephalometry).

Léon N A van Adrichem¹, Leo A van Vlimmeren, Dominika Cadanová

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Dutch Craniofacial Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. l.vanadrichem@erasmusmc.nl

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|January 25, 2008

Summary

Plagiocephalometry (PCM) is a reliable, simple tool for measuring infant skull deformities, showing results comparable to 3D-CT scans. This non-invasive method offers a valid alternative for clinical use and tracking treatment progress.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric medicine
Medical imaging
Biomechanical engineering

Background:

Craniofacial measurements are crucial for diagnosing and managing pediatric skull deformities, often caused by craniosynostosis or external pressure.
Traditional anthropometry and advanced imaging like CT and MRI have limitations in pediatric use due to radiation, anesthesia requirements, and cost, hindering long-term follow-up.
Existing non-invasive 3D scanners have limited practical application for routine craniofacial assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability and validity of plagiocephalometry (PCM) in quantifying infant skull deformities.
To compare PCM measurements against 3D-CT scans, considered the gold standard, in children with craniosynostosis.
To determine if PCM is a suitable alternative for clinical practice in pediatric craniofacial assessment.

Main Methods:

A study involving 21 children with craniosynostosis compared measurements obtained using the PCM instrument with those from 3D-CT scans.
The PCM ring's fit to the skin and shape retention after removal were assessed for accuracy and reliability.
Measurements from the PCM ring (off the head) were directly compared to 3D-CT scan measurements of the skull.

Main Results:

The PCM ring demonstrated a close fit to the skin with mean differences under 1 mm (P < 0.05), indicating high precision.
The PCM ring's shape remained stable after removal from the head, showing no significant deformation (P > 0.05).
Measurements obtained with the PCM ring showed no significant differences compared to 3D-CT scan measurements (P > 0.05), confirming agreement with the gold standard.

Conclusions:

Plagiocephalometry (PCM) is a reliable and valid method for analyzing pediatric skull deformities.
PCM measurements are in strong agreement with 3D-CT scan data, establishing its accuracy.
The simplicity, reliability, and validity of PCM make it a promising tool for routine clinical use in pediatric craniofacial assessment and follow-up.