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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Lipodystrophy and weight changes: data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, 2000-2006.

A Nguyen1, A Calmy, V Schiffer

  • 1Infectious Disease/HIV Unit, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

HIV Medicine
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has evolved, leading to a decrease in lipodystrophy (LD) incidence. Weight gain was linked to specific drug use, including atazanavir and lopinavir.

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • HIV/AIDS research
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical medicine

Background:

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens are evolving.
  • Changes in cART may influence the occurrence and type of side effects.
  • Lipodystrophy (LD) and weight changes are significant concerns in HIV treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the frequency of lipodystrophy (LD) and weight changes.
  • To assess the relationship between LD/weight changes and specific cART drugs.
  • To analyze trends in cART drug usage and associated side effects in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of patient data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) between 2000 and 2006.
  • Inclusion of patients on cART during 2003-2006 and those initiating cART between 2000-2003.
  • Physician-assessed scoring of 'fat accumulation', 'fat loss', or neither, with treatment details recorded.

Main Results:

  • A decrease in the use of stavudine, didanosine, and nelfinavir from 2003-2006.
  • Increased use of atazanavir and tenofovir.
  • Patients starting cART in 2003-2006 showed a lower incidence of LD compared to 2000-2002 (P<0.02).
  • LD was a less frequent reason for treatment change/discontinuation in 2006 versus 2003 (P for trend <0.001).
  • Weight gain of >=5 kg was associated with lopinavir (OR 2) and atazanavir (OR 1.7).

Conclusions:

  • Lipodystrophy (LD) has become less frequent in the SHCS cohort between 2000 and 2006.
  • Weight gain exceeding 5 kg was significantly associated with the use of atazanavir and lopinavir.