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Gadolinium-induced nephrotoxicity.

I Buhaescu1, H Izzedine

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA. irina.buhaescu@stvincenthospital.com

International Journal of Clinical Practice
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
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Gadolinium-based contrast media, used in MRI scans, may cause kidney damage in patients with chronic kidney disease. This nephrotoxicity, though often reversible, presents a new challenge for nephrologists managing these high-risk patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Iodinated contrast media pose a risk of acute renal failure in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
  • Intravenous gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) are widely used in MRI due to perceived safety.
  • Recent reports suggest GBCM may induce nephrotoxicity, particularly in at-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current experimental and clinical evidence regarding gadolinium-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • To highlight the emerging challenge of GBCM use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on GBCM effects on renal function.
  • Analysis of clinical data on GBCM-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with CKD.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of evidence on the impact of GBCM on glomerular filtration rate.

    • Main Results:

    • GBCM can cause a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in high-risk patients.
    • This nephrotoxic effect is often reversible.
    • Patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction are particularly susceptible.

    Conclusions:

    • Gadolinium-based contrast media present a potential risk of nephrotoxicity in patients with chronic kidney disease.
    • Nephrologists must carefully consider this risk in diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate GBCM-induced nephrotoxicity.