Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A relationship between variables shows correlation, but it does not show cause-and-effect. A direct cause-and-effect relationship requires additional controlled experiments. If no consistent relationship exists between the variables, then there is no correlation.Correlation versus CausationIf the dependent variable increases or decreases when the...
Circuit Terminology01:14

Circuit Terminology

An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.
Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond gray matter: unveiling the critical role of white matter in Alzheimer's disease.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Domain-General Decoupling and Context-Specific Buffering: Transdiagnostic Eye-Tracking Biomarkers of ASD and ADHD During Naturalistic Viewing.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Unique Amygdala Signatures and Shared Prefrontal Deficits in Autism: Mapping Social Heterogeneity via Naturalistic functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Glymphatic Dysfunction, Brain Damage, and Clinical Disability in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same author

Dynamic Alterations of Functional Systems in Alzheimer's Disease: A Co-Activation Pattern Analysis.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

Dynamic brain connectivity patterns induced by oxytocin: An fMRI Co-Activation pattern analysis study.

Molecular psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Functional connectivity of default mode network components: correlation, anticorrelation, and causality.

Lucina Q Uddin1, A M Kelly, Bharat B Biswal

  • 1The Phyllis Green and Randolph Cōwen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, New York University Child Study Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.

Human Brain Mapping
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The default mode network (DMN) shows distinct functional roles for its core regions, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These regions differentially interact with task-positive networks, indicating greater DMN heterogeneity.

More Related Videos

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN), comprising the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), is highly active during rest.
  • Competitive interactions between the DMN and task-positive networks are characterized by negative correlations in spontaneous brain activity.
  • Previous research often treats the DMN as a uniform entity, overlooking potential functional differentiation within its components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional differentiation within the DMN.
  • To examine the distinct competitive relationships between DMN sub-regions (vmPFC and PCC) and task-positive networks.
  • To explore the heterogeneity of the DMN in its interactions with other brain systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a seed correlation approach on resting-state fMRI data.
  • Assessed functional connectivity differences between vmPFC and PCC seeds and their positively and negatively correlated networks.
  • Employed Granger causality analyses to infer directional influence between DMN nodes and anticorrelated networks.

Main Results:

  • While vmPFC and PCC shared overlapping positively correlated networks, their negatively correlated (anticorrelated) networks differed significantly.
  • vmPFC activity negatively predicted activity in parietal visual spatial and temporal attention networks.
  • PCC activity negatively predicted activity in prefrontal-based motor control circuits, with evidence suggesting vmPFC and PCC exert greater influence on these networks.

Conclusions:

  • The two major nodes of the DMN, vmPFC and PCC, exhibit functional differentiation.
  • These DMN components interact with distinct task-positive networks, suggesting a more heterogeneous structure within the DMN than previously assumed.
  • The findings imply that specific DMN nodes may actively modulate activity in task-positive networks during cognitive tasks.