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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
12:12

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

Published on: December 17, 2013

Current concepts in reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotent state.

Jin Han1, Kuldip S Sidhu

  • 1Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|January 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear reprogramming, essential for development, involves epigenetic modifications. This review explores in vitro reprogramming methods and their future potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer and other methods are used for nuclear reprogramming.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying nuclear reprogramming remain unclear.
  • Epigenetic modifications are crucial for both in vivo development and in vitro reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary epigenetic changes involved in nuclear reprogramming.
  • To discuss current in vitro approaches for achieving nuclear reprogramming.
  • To explore the future prospects of nuclear reprogramming technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nuclear reprogramming.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications in reprogramming.
  • Comparison of different in vitro reprogramming techniques.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications are central to nuclear reprogramming.
  • Various methods like cell fusion and gene transfection are employed.
  • In vitro reprogramming shares features with in vivo processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding epigenetic changes is key to advancing nuclear reprogramming.
  • Current in vitro methods offer promising avenues for research and application.
  • Future prospects include improved efficiency and broader applications of reprogramming.