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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

Advances in vertebrate aging research 2007.

Steven Austad1

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center, Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA. austad@uthscsa.edu

Aging Cell
|January 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Research on aging reveals complex findings. Reduced antioxidant expression unexpectedly increased mouse lifespan, while lower cysteine in proteins correlated with longer species life. Blood glucose was not a key aging factor.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The oxidative stress hypothesis of aging is a leading theory.
  • Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling is implicated in aging processes.
  • Understanding the genetic and molecular basis of aging is crucial for developing interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight key findings in vertebrate aging research from the past year.
  • To investigate the role of cellular antioxidants, protein composition, and metabolic factors in aging.
  • To identify new genetic mutations and potential pharmaceutical interventions affecting longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative proteomic analysis across species.
  • Genetic manipulation in mice (knockouts and overexpression).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

  • Evaluation of potential pharmaceutical interventions for aging.

    • Main Results:

    • Reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 expression slightly increased mouse lifespan, challenging the oxidative stress hypothesis.
    • An inverse association was found between species lifespan and cysteine frequency in mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins.
    • Blood glucose concentration was not found to be a key mediator of aging.
    • New mouse longevity mutants (PAPP-A, IRS-1, IRS-2 knockouts) supported IGF-1 signaling's role, though with some inconsistencies.
    • Type 5 adenylyl cyclase knockout mice showed over 30% increased lifespan.
    • A new program for evaluating pharmaceutical interventions in aging demonstrated excellent experimental design.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging is influenced by multiple, complex factors, including cellular antioxidants and protein modifications.
    • The role of IGF-1 signaling in aging requires further investigation due to conflicting results.
    • New avenues for aging research include exploring specific protein alterations and novel genetic pathways.
    • Standardized evaluation programs for aging interventions and mutations are needed.