Five-year surveillance of antimicrobial use in Chinese Pediatric Intensive Care Units

In order to demonstrate antibiotic usage in Chinese Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs), and provide some data to further study on relation of antimicrobial use and resistance. We reviewed the use of antibiotics in Chinese PICUs from 2002 to 2006. All data, including general data and antibiotic use data, were obtained from five PICUs of pediatric teaching hospitals in China. The results of antibiotic use were expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 patient-days by WHO in this study. All 12 743 patients were included from the five PICUs in this study. Length of stay in PICUs was essentially unchanged, but the percentage of antimicrobial costs vs. drug costs dramatically decreased in this study period (p < 0.01). The percentage of empiric treatment decreased by year (from 82.2% to 70.2%). while the percentage of therapeutic treatment increased by year (from 11.2% to 24.2%) from 2002 to 2006. Total antibiotic usage decreased from 72.1 DDDs per 100 patient-days to 35.5 DDDs per 100 patient-days from 2002 to 2006 (p < 0.05). The significant increase was found in the DDDs per 100 patient-days of second generation cephalosporins in this study (p < 0.05). While usages of the some antibiotics decreased, for example penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins, and macrolides in this study period. The data of antimicrobial use were obtained from five PICUs of biggest pediatric teaching hospital in this 5-year period, which could serve as a basis of antibiotic treatment and a benchmark in future study of antibiotic use.