Hematoendothelial differentiation of human embryonic stem cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represent a unique population of cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all types of somatic cells, including hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Since the pattern of hematopoietic and endothelial development observed in the embryo can be reproduced using ESCs differentiated in culture, hESCs can be used as a model for studies of specification and diversification of hematoendothelial progenitors. In addition, hESCs can be seen as a scalable source of hematopoietic and endothelial cells for in vitro studies. This unit describes a method for efficient differentiation of hESCs into hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells through coculture with mouse OP9 bone marrow stromal cells, as well as an approach for their analysis and isolation. Support protocols are provided for culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, evaluation of hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation by flow cytometry and colony-forming assay, removal of OP9 cells, and propagation of hESC-derived endothelial cells. Curr. Protoc.