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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

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Published on: August 29, 2014

Simple STM tip functionalization for rapid DNA sequencing: an Ab initio Green's function study.

Ilya Yanov1, J J Palacios, Glake Hill

  • 1Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Interactions (CCMSI), Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The chemical bonding between DNA bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) and gold electrodes significantly impacts electron transport. This finding suggests a new DNA sequencing method based on molecular conductance.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Molecular electronics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding electron transport through DNA is crucial for molecular electronics and biosensing.
  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a key technique for probing single-molecule electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electron-transport properties of individual DNA bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) between gold electrodes.
  • To determine the factors influencing conductance, such as electrode modification and molecular geometry.
  • To propose a novel DNA sequencing approach based on these findings.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) calculations were employed.
  • One-electron transmission spectra were computed for DNA bases on gold and sulfur-modified gold electrodes.
  • Simulations modeled conditions relevant to STM experiments.

Main Results:

  • The chemical bonding nature between DNA bases and gold electrodes is the dominant factor in determining system conductance.
  • Electrode distance and molecule size were found to be less critical when direct chemical contact is established.
  • Differences in transmission spectra were observed for various DNA bases and electrode modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical contact is paramount for electron transport through DNA bases.
  • A simple two-pass DNA sequencing scheme can be developed based on the distinct conductance signatures of DNA bases.
  • This work provides fundamental insights into charge transport at the single-molecule level.