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Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Phase separation in a polarized Fermi gas at zero temperature.

S Pilati1, S Giorgini

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and CNR-INFM BEC Center, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We mapped the phase diagram for asymmetric two-component Fermi gases at zero temperature. Quantum Monte Carlo simulations revealed three distinct mixed states where superfluid and normal phases coexist.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of interacting quantum gases is crucial for fundamental physics.
  • Fermi gases provide a versatile platform for studying many-body quantum phenomena.
  • Asymmetric mixtures introduce complex phase behaviors not seen in symmetric systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the phase diagram of asymmetric two-component Fermi gases.
  • To investigate the influence of polarization and interaction strength on phase behavior.
  • To identify and characterize different coexisting superfluid and normal phases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing zero-temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Calculating the equations of state for uniform superfluid and normal phases.
  • Analyzing phase separation phenomena in the asymmetric Fermi gas.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct mixed states were identified where superfluid and normal phases coexist.
  • Phase separation occurs between different combinations of polarized and unpolarized superfluid and normal gases.
  • The specific configurations include polarized superfluid/fully polarized normal, polarized superfluid/partially polarized normal, and unpolarized superfluid/partially polarized normal gas.

Conclusions:

  • The phase diagram exhibits rich behavior with multiple coexisting phases.
  • Polarization plays a critical role in determining the equilibrium states of the Fermi gas.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of strongly correlated quantum systems.