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Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
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Consider a coffee mug hanging on a hook in a pantry. If the mug gets knocked, it oscillates back and forth like a pendulum until the oscillations die out.
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Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward force was unique to Earth. By the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) put forward the heliocentric theory, which suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the sun, while the Moon orbited the Earth. However, it was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who linked these two motions together in the 17th century. He reasoned that the force of...
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Scalar modifications to gravity from unparticle effects may be testable.

Haim Goldberg1, Pran Nath

  • 1Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored "ungravity," a potential fifth force arising from unparticles. They calculated its lowest-order correction to Newtonian gravity, revealing scale-invariant power-law deviations detectable in future submillimeter gravity tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical physics
  • Particle physics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • Recent interest in scale-invariant sectors of effective field theories.
  • Introduction of
  • unparticles
  • with unique properties.
  • Hypothesized coupling of unparticles to the stress tensor, potentially mediating a
  • fifth force
  • (ungravity).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the low-energy implications of unparticles.
  • To compute the lowest-order correction of ungravity to the Newtonian gravitational potential.
  • To explore the potential for discriminating between extra dimension models and ungravity.

Main Methods:

  • Assuming strict conformal invariance in the hidden sector down to low energies.
  • Calculating the lowest-order ungravity correction to the Newtonian gravitational potential.
  • Analyzing scale-invariant power-law corrections of the form (R_(G)/r)(2d)_(U)(-1).

Main Results:

  • Derived scale-invariant power-law corrections to the gravitational potential.
  • Identified a characteristic length scale (R_(G)) where ungravity interactions become significant.
  • The magnitude of the correction depends on the anomalous unparticle dimension (d_(U)).

Conclusions:

  • Ungravity introduces detectable deviations from Newtonian gravity.
  • Future submillimeter tests of gravity can potentially discriminate between extra dimension models and ungravity.
  • The study highlights the importance of scale invariance in understanding fundamental forces.