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Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

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When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Convolution effects in superconductive tunneling.

J Geerk1, H V Löhneysen

  • 1Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Festkörperphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tunneling spectroscopy can reveal superconductor properties, but a new method is needed when strong-coupling effects are present. This study shows apparent strong-coupling in UPd2Al3 is due to convolution, not intrinsic material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Superconductivity research
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Tunneling spectroscopy is a key technique for probing the quasiparticle density of states (DOS) in superconductors.
  • Standard methods for extracting DOS from tunneling data rely on a normalization rule that fails under certain conditions.
  • Strong-coupling effects can complicate the interpretation of tunneling spectra, potentially leading to misinterpretations of material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of standard normalization rules in tunneling spectroscopy for superconductors.
  • To investigate the impact of convolution effects on the apparent strong-coupling features in tunneling spectra.
  • To re-evaluate the strong-coupling effects observed in UPd2Al3 using a more rigorous approach.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of an integral equation to relate measured tunneling data to the DOS when standard normalization fails.
  • Theoretical analysis of geometry effects on the DOS in simple Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors.
  • Quantitative analysis of experimental tunneling data from UPd2Al3.

Main Results:

  • The standard normalization rule for extracting DOS from tunneling spectroscopy is shown to be invalid when normal-state differential conductance varies on a voltage scale comparable to strong-coupling effects.
  • An integral equation accurately describes the relationship between measured tunneling data and the DOS under these conditions.
  • Apparent strong-coupling effects previously observed in UPd2Al3 tunneling data can be quantitatively explained as artifacts of convolution effects, rather than intrinsic material properties.

Conclusions:

  • The interpretation of tunneling spectroscopy data requires careful consideration of convolution effects, especially in the presence of strong-coupling phenomena.
  • The study provides a more accurate method for determining the true quasiparticle DOS of superconductors from tunneling measurements.
  • Re-evaluation of UPd2Al3 data suggests that its previously inferred strong-coupling characteristics are primarily due to experimental convolution effects.