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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I01:24

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

Polymerization produces macromolecules with a range of chain lengths due to the random nature of molecular growth processes. As chains form and terminate at different stages, a single polymer sample contains molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform structure. This variability is described using average molar masses and distribution-related parameters, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of polymer characteristics.The distribution of molar masses plays a critical role in...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Morphological differences in semicrystalline polymers: Implications for local dynamics and chain diffusion.

Y-F Yao1, R Graf, H W Spiess

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crystallization conditions affect polymer chain motion. Differences in noncrystalline regions influence chain diffusion between crystalline and noncrystalline phases in polyethylene, despite similar activation enthalpies.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Semicrystalline polymers exhibit distinct morphologies based on crystallization conditions.
  • Morphology significantly impacts polymer chain dynamics and properties.
  • Understanding chain motion in noncrystalline regions is crucial for predicting material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of crystallization conditions on local chain dynamics and interphase diffusion in linear polyethylene.
  • To elucidate the relationship between morphology, noncrystalline region dynamics, and chain diffusion in semicrystalline polymers.
  • To determine the factors governing chain mobility in different polyethylene morphologies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of solution-crystallized and melt-crystallized linear polyethylene samples.
  • Analysis of local dynamics in noncrystalline regions using spectroscopic techniques (implied).
  • Measurement of chain diffusion rates between noncrystalline and crystalline regions.

Main Results:

  • Local dynamics in noncrystalline regions are lower in solution-crystallized polyethylene compared to melt-crystallized.
  • Chain diffusion between noncrystalline and crystalline regions is higher in solution-crystallized polyethylene.
  • The activation enthalpy for chain diffusion remains consistent across both morphologies.

Conclusions:

  • Entropic differences in the noncrystalline regions are key drivers of chain diffusion rates.
  • Morphological variations induced by crystallization conditions profoundly affect polymer chain mobility.
  • Polymer chain diffusion is governed by both local dynamics and interphase transport mechanisms.