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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
Published on: October 22, 2014
The flow-mediated dilation response to acute exercise in overweight active and inactive men
Ryan A Harris1, Jaume Padilla, Kevin P Hanlon
1Clinical Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. harrisra@indiana.edu
Objective:
Inflammation has been found to play a role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease as well as provoke endothelial dysfunction. Inflammatory cytokines associated with endothelial function are interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). IL-6 is exercise intensity dependent and has been shown to inhibit TNF-alpha expression directly. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha on endothelial function in response to acute exercise in overweight men exhibiting different physical activity profiles.
Methods And Procedures:
Using a randomized mixed factorial design, 16 overweight men (8 active, maximal exercise capacity (VO(2)peak) = 34.2 +/- 1.7, BMI = 27.4 +/- 0.7 and 8 inactive, VO(2)peak = 30.9 +/- 1.2, BMI = 29.3 +/- 1.0) performed three different intensity acute exercise treatments. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and subsequent blood samples were taken pre-exercise and 1 h following the cessation of exercise.
Results:
Independent of exercise intensity, the active group displayed a 24% increase (P = 0.034) in FMD following acute exercise compared to a 32% decrease (P = 0.010) in the inactive group. Elevated (P < 0.001) concentrations of IL-6 following moderate (50% VO(2)) and high (75% VO(2)) intensity acute exercise were observed in both groups; however, concentrations of TNF-alpha were unchanged in response to acute exercise (P = 0.584).
Discussion:
The FMD response to acute exercise is enhanced in active men who are overweight, whereas inactive men who are overweight exhibit an attenuated response. The interaction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha did not provide insight into the physiological mechanisms associated with the disparity of FMD observed between groups.
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