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Related Concept Videos

Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Magnetic force microscopy of superparamagnetic nanoparticles.

Sharon Schreiber1, Mayur Savla, Denis V Pelekhov

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, Ohio State University, 270 Bevis Hall, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) successfully detected superparamagnetic nanoparticles in vitro. This technique offers potential for localizing nanoscale magnetic domains in biological samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superparamagnetic nanoparticles are crucial for various biomedical applications.
  • Detecting and characterizing these nanoparticles in biological environments remains a challenge.
  • Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is a high-resolution imaging technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of MFM for detecting superparamagnetic nanoparticles in vitro.
  • To explore the influence of external magnetic fields on MFM imaging.
  • To assess the potential of MFM for biological sample analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dynamic lift-mode imaging with both magnetic and nonmagnetic probes.
  • Applied controlled external magnetic fields to samples containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
  • Performed experiments under ambient atmospheric conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected and identified the presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles using MFM.
  • Experimental results aligned with the predicted sensitivity of the MFM technique.
  • Demonstrated the capability to differentiate nanoparticle signals from background.

Conclusions:

  • MFM is a viable technique for detecting superparamagnetic nanoparticles in vitro.
  • Controlling magnetic fields enhances nanoparticle detection and identification.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in localizing nanoscale magnetic domains in biological samples.