Activated protein C--an anticoagulant that does more than stop clots

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Physiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Activated protein C (APC) is a glycoprotein derived from protein C.
• APC exhibits anticoagulant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
• APC is synthesized not only by the liver but also by endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and some hematopoietic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted roles and therapeutic potential of Activated Protein C (APC).
• To elucidate the mechanism of APC's protective effects involving endothelial protein C receptor and protease-activated receptor-1.
• To highlight APC's emerging applications in treating severe sepsis and other inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of in vitro and preclinical data on APC function.
• Analysis of APC's interaction with endothelial protein C receptor and protease-activated receptor-1.
• Examination of APC's therapeutic approval for severe sepsis and ongoing research in other diseases.

Main Results:

• APC demonstrates significant cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
• APC's protective mechanisms involve specific receptor interactions, distinct from thrombin's effects.
• APC is a recently approved therapeutic for severe sepsis with potential for broader applications.

Conclusions:

• Activated protein C possesses diverse physiological functions and therapeutic benefits.
• APC's unique mechanism of action warrants further investigation for various clinical applications.
• APC holds significant promise as a future pharmacologic agent for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.