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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
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Measurement of interferometric autocorrelations: comment.

C Spielmann, L Xu, F Krausz

    Applied Optics
    |April 20, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    Conventional Michelson interferometers fail to accurately measure ultrashort optical pulses. A simple modification corrects these asymmetric autocorrelation traces, enabling precise measurements of few-cycle pulses.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Ultrafast Laser Science

    Background:

    • Michelson interferometers are standard for optical pulse autocorrelation.
    • Accurate autocorrelation is crucial for characterizing ultrashort laser pulses, especially few-cycle pulses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the limitations of conventional Michelson interferometers in producing accurate autocorrelation signals for ultrashort optical pulses.
    • To demonstrate the origin of asymmetric autocorrelation traces with sub-10-femtosecond pulses.
    • To present a modified interferometer configuration for correct fringe-resolved autocorrelation.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental demonstration using sub-10-femtosecond optical pulses.
    • Analysis of interferometric autocorrelation traces from a conventional Michelson interferometer.

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  • Comparison with previously reported data exhibiting similar deficiencies.

    • Main Results:

    • Conventional Michelson interferometers produce asymmetric autocorrelation traces for ultrashort pulses.
    • This deficiency is particularly pronounced for pulses with durations of only a few optical cycles.
    • A modified interferometer configuration successfully generates correct fringe-resolved autocorrelation traces.

    Conclusions:

    • Conventional Michelson interferometers are inadequate for accurate autocorrelation of ultrashort optical pulses.
    • The asymmetry arises from the inability to produce two identical pulse replicas.
    • A simple modification offers a reliable method for obtaining accurate autocorrelation measurements.