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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

WITHDRAWN: Specialist epilepsy nurses for treating epilepsy.

P Bradley, B Lindsay

    The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    |February 7, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Specialist epilepsy nurses may improve epilepsy knowledge for newly diagnosed patients, but overall evidence for improved outcomes is limited. Further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in epilepsy care.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Evidence-based practice
    • Healthcare services research

    Background:

    • Epilepsy affects 0.5% of the population, necessitating improved quality of care.
    • Two proposed models for enhanced epilepsy care include specialist outpatient clinics and nurse-based liaison services.
    • These models aim to improve upon standard care provided in general neurology or medical clinics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review evidence from controlled trials on the effectiveness of specialist epilepsy nurses.
    • To compare the outcomes of specialist epilepsy nurse interventions with routine care for individuals with epilepsy.

    Main Methods:

    • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to October 2004.
    • Included randomized controlled and quasi-randomized trials comparing specialist epilepsy nurse interventions to standard care.

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    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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    Published on: December 18, 2016

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    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
    05:54

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    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
    09:32

    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

    Published on: December 18, 2016

  • Two reviewers independently selected trials and extracted data on seizure frequency, medication, psychosocial functioning, knowledge, costs, and adverse effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Three heterogeneous trials were included (two in general practice, one in neurology).
    • No convincing evidence was found that specialist epilepsy nurses improve overall outcomes for people with epilepsy.
    • Significant improvements were not observed in seizure frequency, psychosocial functioning, knowledge, general health, work days lost, or depression/anxiety scores.

    Conclusions:

    • While specialist epilepsy nurses are plausibly beneficial for epilepsy care quality, current evidence is limited due to a small research base.
    • Further research is required to establish the effectiveness of specialist epilepsy nurses.
    • Recommendations for widespread implementation cannot be made without more robust evidence.