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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...

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A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Analog VLSI circuits as physical structures for perception in early visual tasks.

L Raffo1, S P Sabatini, G M Bo

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari-Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
|February 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a general architecture for recurrent computations in early vision using lattice networks. It demonstrates a stable, near-optimal filtering approach implementable in analog VLSI perceptual engines for machine vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Computer Engineering
  • Machine Vision

Background:

  • Early vision computational tasks can be modeled using lattice networks with specific interconnection topologies.
  • Recurrent computations in these networks are crucial for their cooperative action and functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a distinct general architectural solution for all recurrent computations of any given order.
  • To analyze the Gabor-like impulse response of a second-order network for optimal filtering.
  • To demonstrate the hardware implementation feasibility of these architectures as analog perceptual engines.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Gabor-like impulse response in second-order networks.
  • Design of architectures utilizing excitatory/inhibitory interactions for stable, near-optimal filtering.
  • Mapping architectures onto very large scale integration (VLSI) structures for analog perceptual engines.
  • Implementation of a 17-node analog current-mode VLSI circuit.

Main Results:

  • Achieved near-optimal filtering behavior in space and frequency domains through excitatory/inhibitory interactions.
  • Ensured system stability while optimizing filtering performance.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of analog current-mode VLSI implementation for early vision tasks.

Conclusions:

  • A general architectural solution for recurrent computations in early vision is feasible.
  • VLSI-based analog perceptual engines offer an efficient hardware implementation for early vision.
  • These perceptual engines can be combined for various machine vision algorithms.